1.1 Definition of terms hair cutting Consultation

The terms below are the basic language of hair cutting, used when consulting clients, planning a cut and working with other stylists. Knowing them precisely helps the stylist understand exactly what the client wants and explain how the cut will be done. Example: a client asks for "just a trim with some layers", and the stylist confirms during consultation how much length to remove and where the layers should start.

Hair cutting

Hair cutting is the shortening, shaping and thinning of the hair with scissors, clippers or razors to create a planned style that suits the client's face shape, hair type and lifestyle. A good cut follows a plan, uses guidelines to keep lengths even and works with the hair's natural fall and growth pattern. Hair cutting is the base of most hairstyles, because a well-shaped cut makes styling easier and helps the style last. Example: a client with thick, heavy hair asks for a lighter style, so the stylist cuts graduated layers and thins the bulk with thinning scissors to remove weight.

• One-length cut: All the hair falls to the same level, giving a blunt, solid outline.
• Layered cut: The hair is cut to different lengths to add movement and volume.
• Graduated cut: The hair is cut short at the nape and longer above, building weight towards the top.
• Tapered cut: The hair gets gradually shorter towards the hairline, often at the nape and sides.
• Clipper cut: Clippers with guards are used to cut short styles quickly and evenly.

Consultation

Consultation is the discussion between the stylist and the client before a hair cut, to agree on the style, check the hair and scalp and find out about anything that may affect the service. It prevents misunderstandings, because a cut cannot be undone once the hair is removed. The stylist uses pictures, questions and an examination of the hair to agree a clear plan, and records the details. The steps are covered in Client consultation. Example: a client shows a photograph of a short bob, and during consultation the stylist explains that her very curly hair will sit shorter when dry, so they agree to cut it slightly longer.

Other terms used in hair cutting

• Guideline: A section of hair cut to the required length that is followed for the rest of the cut.
• Sectioning: Dividing the hair into neat, controlled parts so each can be cut evenly.
• Elevation: The angle at which hair is held away from the head while cutting, which decides the shape.
• Texturising: Removing bulk or adding movement with thinning scissors, a razor or point cutting.
• Fade: A style in which the hair shortens gradually down to the skin at the sides and back.
• Outline: The final shape of the cut around the hairline, ears and nape.