Electrical cable jointing is a fundamental skill in the installation and maintenance of PVC sheathed cable systems. Accurate and safe joining ensures continuity of electrical circuits, preventing power interruptions and hazards. Professionals from diverse Kenyan sectors such as county referral hospitals, universities, banks, and agricultural cooperatives require proficiency with the right tools to achieve durable and compliant joints. This chapter introduces the essential electrical and measuring tools critical to successful cable jointing.

2.1 Electrical tools and equipment

The selection and proper use of electrical tools and equipment form the backbone of effective cable jointing. In Kenya’s dynamic workplaces ranging from county government offices to retail enterprises, these tools ensure precision, safety, and compliance with standards. Understanding the purpose and correct handling of each tool reduces risks such as electric shock and mechanical damage to cables.

2.1.1 Types of electrical tools used in cable jointing

Electrical cable jointing requires a specific set of tools designed to prepare, connect, and insulate cables efficiently:

• Wire Strippers: These tools remove the PVC insulation from cables without damaging the copper conductor beneath. For example, at a Nairobi university’s maintenance workshop, wire strippers enable technicians to prepare cables swiftly for jointing laboratory equipment.

• Side Cutting Pliers: Used to cut cables to length and trim conductors cleanly. In a county referral hospital, side cutters assist electricians in adjusting cable lengths for medical equipment installations.

• Screwdrivers (Insulated): Essential for tightening terminal screws during joint assembly. Banks rely on insulated screwdrivers to safely handle electrical panels without risk of shock.

Red-handled screwdriver on rock outdoors (Source: Wikimedia Commons)

• Crimping Tools: Used to securely attach connectors or lugs to the cable ends before joining. SACCO offices often use crimpers to ensure robust connections in their security systems.

• Heat Guns: These provide controlled heat to shrink insulating sleeves or tapes over the joint, ensuring a weatherproof seal. Hotels use heat guns for outdoor lighting cable repairs, protecting joints from moisture.

2.1.2 Specification and maintenance of electrical tools

• Regular inspection: Tools must be checked for wear, rust, or damage, especially insulation on handles.
• Cleaning: After use, clean blades and metal parts to prevent corrosion.
• Storage: Store tools in dry, secure locations such as toolboxes to avoid moisture damage.
• Calibration: Crimping tools require periodic calibration to maintain correct pressure.
• Safety checks: Insulated tools should be tested regularly for dielectric strength to ensure user protection.

2.1.3 Safety precautions when using electrical tools

Handling electrical tools demands strict adherence to safety protocols to prevent accidents, especially in environments like county government offices and retail businesses where non-specialist staff may be present.

• Use insulated tools: Always select tools rated for electrical work to minimize shock risk.
• Disconnect power supply: Ensure the cable circuit is de-energized before starting jointing.
• Wear personal protective equipment (PPE): Gloves and safety glasses protect against sharp wires and flying debris.
• Avoid wet conditions: Working in damp environments increases electrical hazard; ensure dry surroundings.
• Proper tool handling: Use the right tool for the task to avoid slips and damage to cables or yourself.

2.1.4 Selection criteria for electrical tools in diverse workplaces

Choosing appropriate tools depends on the specific requirements of the workplace and cable types handled:

• Cable size compatibility: Tools must accommodate the cross-sectional area of cables commonly used. For instance, a university workshop handling multi-core cables requires adjustable wire strippers.
• Durability and quality: High-quality tools reduce replacement costs in busy environments like hospitals.
• Ergonomics: Comfortable grips reduce fatigue for electricians working in retail businesses with frequent interventions.
• Safety certifications: Tools with IEC or Kenyan Bureau of Standards (KEBS) approval ensure compliance and safety.
• Portability: Lightweight tools are preferred in agricultural cooperatives where field mobility is essential.

Chapter Summary

This chapter outlined the essential electrical tools and equipment required for effective PVC sheathed cable system installation, emphasizing the importance of selecting the right tools for each task. It detailed various measuring tools such as tape measures, tri-squares, steel rules, and spirit levels, which are crucial for accuracy in cable preparation and installation. The section on cutting tools covered implements like hacksaws, stripping knives, side cutters, and pliers, all necessary for precise cable cutting and stripping. Fixing tools including hammers, screwdrivers, and crimping tools were discussed for their roles in securing and connecting cables. The chapter also introduced key testing equipment such as multimeters, insulation resistance meters, earth resistance meters, clamp meters, and drills that ensure the integrity and safety of electrical joints. Proper storage of electrical tools was highlighted to maintain their condition and reliability. Different types of electrical cable joints including Britannia, married, tee, straight twist, and scarf joints were explained in detail to guide correct jointing techniques. Finally, the importance of housekeeping activities was stressed to promote a safe and organized work environment during cable jointing operations.